Explanation

• Delegation is a design pattern where an object delegates responsibility for certain tasks to another object. Instead of doing the work itself, the delegating object asks another object (delegate) to perform the work.
• “Has-A” relationship: The delegating object “has a” reference to the delegating object and uses it to delegate responsibilities.
• Use Case: Useful when you want to separate concerns and avoid making a class too complex.

Steps

• Create a class that performs the main task (Delegate).
• Create a class that delegates tasks to the delegate class.
• The delegator calls methods on the delegate class to perform specific tasks.

class Printer:
    def print(self):
        print("Printing document...")
 
class Computer:
    def __init__(self, printer):
        self.printer = printer  # Delegating print functionality
 
    def print_document(self):
        self.printer.print()  # Delegates the printing task
 
printer = Printer()
computer = Computer(printer)
computer.print_document()  # Output: Printing document...