Explanation

- The **Factory Pattern** is a creational design pattern that provides a method for creating objects without specifying the exact class of object that will be created.
- **"Encapsulates object creation"**: The factory method encapsulates the instantiation logic and can return different objects based on conditions.
- **Use Case**: Useful when object creation logic is complex or when you want to provide different implementations for the same interface.

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Steps

• Define a factory class that will create and return different types of objects based on input.
• The factory method abstracts away the details of object creation.

class Animal:
    def speak(self):
        pass
 
class Dog(Animal):
    def speak(self):
        return "Woof!"
 
class Cat(Animal):
    def speak(self):
        return "Meow!"
 
class AnimalFactory:
    def create_animal(self, animal_type):
        if animal_type == "dog":
            return Dog()
        elif animal_type == "cat":
            return Cat()
        return None
 
# Factory Usage
factory = AnimalFactory()
animal = factory.create_animal("dog")
print(animal.speak())  # Output: Woof!